While western policy analysts and experts were lamenting the death of democracy in egypt, women took to the streets during the two days of referendum over egypt s constitution, ululating. Egypt s new constitution was adopted in december 2012 amid intense political rifts between islamists and liberal forces. The fouryear and twoterm limits were set out in the 2012 constitution for the first time. The index also noted that the rate of unemployment in egypt among young people was the highest in the arab world in 2012, reaching up to 30%1. Negotiating women in egypts postmubarak constitutions. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt. Thousands of islamists marched in cairo on friday, demanding the constitution be based on shariah law. Egypt 2014 page 10 preamble preamble god or other deities in the name of god, most gracious, most merciful this is our constitution egypt is the gift of the nile and the gift of egyptians to humanity. Egypts new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and. With its unique location and history, egypt is the arab heart of the world. This is a translation of the constitution that the egyptian people adopted via popular referendum in december of 2012. The arab republic of egypt is an independent, united sovereign state that cannot be divided. Seven upholding national unity is an obligation of state and society, for it is the cornerstone of building a modern egypt and the path to progress and development.
Egypts government services portal laws and constitution. Parliament should reject proposed constitutional amendments. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014. Indepth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution abstract. The original on which this translation is based was downloaded from aljazeera mubasher, which identifies the document as the final version of the constitution.
Steven cook talked about the vote on egypt s draft constitution, and he responded to telephone calls and electronic communication. Thefederalrepublicof somalia provisionalconstitution. Amnesty international, egypts new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and ignores the rights. Islam in egypts new constitution carnegie endowment for. The process of drafting a new constitution in egypt is causing a heated debate. Why is egypt s draft constitution so controversial. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt part one the state article 1 the arab republic of egypt is a democratic, socialist state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. Cairo, egypt egyptian lawmakers have released a partial draft of egypt s highly anticipated constitution, a document meant to embody the spirit of the tahrir square revolution. Egyptian assembly passes draft constitution despite protests. Heres what key stakeholders want egypt s new constitution to look like. This document has been recompiled and reformatted using texts collected in international ideas. Opinion egypts flawed constitution the new york times.
Egypts constitutional court looking to impeach morsi. Egyptian assembly passes draft constitution despite. Reading the 2012 and 20 egyptian constitutions together is less a tale of successive steps towards constitutional. The full video is available on on december 15, egyptians voted on a new constitution. Egypt s controversial new constitution has been signed into law by president mohammed morsi, a day after he announced it had been approved by a large. The constitution replaces the egyptian constitution of 2012 which came into effect under.
Afp photo patrick bazthe new constitution has been the source of escalating tensions at an already delicate time for egypt s mohamed morsi. Proposed amendments to the egypts constitution of 2012. Egyptian women prepare to cast their ballots in a vote on a new constitution supported by the ruling islamists but bitterly contested by a secularleaning opposition at a polling station in the cairo neighbourhood of shubra on december 15, 2012. A draft constitution approved by egypt s constituent assembly falls well short of protecting human rights and, in particular, ignores the rights of women, restricts freedom of expression in the name of protecting religion, and. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of the whole world. It is the meeting point of world civilizations and cultures and the crossroads of its maritime transportation and. Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution. Egypt s recently finalised draft charter introduced a large number of new articles to, as well as omitted others from, the controversial 2012 constitution predominantly drafted by the islamist. Article 19 of the egyptian constitution of 2014 guarantees the right to education to every citizen and makes education compulsory through high school or.
Coptic christians once felt reasonably safe in alexandria, egypt. Mohamed morsi signs egypts new constitution into law. The 2012 egyptian constitution was the subject of considerable debate, with some people supporting certain provisions, and others raising. Constitutional declarations issued by the supreme council of the armed forces and by the president of the republic from 11 february 2011 to the date of the adoption of this constitution are hereby repealed, while their consequent effects shall remain valid and in force and may not in. The 2014 egyptian constitution by maria gloria polimeno. This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of egyptians to humanity. Egypt s constitution between 2012 and 2014 a talk by mohammad fadel university of toronto law on egypt s adoptation of a constitution following the removal of hosni mubarak. The 2014 egyptian constitution zurich open repository and archive. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free. Egypt s controversial new constitution has been signed into law by president mohammed morsi, a day after he. The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and work for the realisation of its comprehensive unity. Voting for expatriates had been delayed until 12 december 2012 and was extended until 17 december 2012. This is an unofficial translation prepared by international idea. Egyptians living abroad were scheduled to vote between 8 and 11 december.
The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt the egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. Provisions applicable to an amendment to the constitution proposed before the expiry of the. Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica. Law on the the preference of the egyptian products in government contracts law no. The 2012 constitution of egypt, translated by nivien saleh. Cairo supporters and opponents of president mohamed morsi sparred on sunday over the preliminary results of a referendum on a draft constitution. If a student of constitutional texts reads the egyptian constitution of 2012 from beginning to end, he or she will find much of it familiar a. The vote was intended to be the culmination of egypt s. Protesters took to the streets in cairo and other egyptian cities today over a draft constitution written by islamists. Proposed amendments to the egypt s constitution of 2012 english download pdf this is a draft of the proposed amendments dated 20 august 20 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt, prepared pursuant to article 28 of the constitutional declaration dated 8 july 20. Ideally, a new constitution in egypt would unite citizens around a consensus vision for their country and set a firm foundation for a democratic. We, the people of egypt, in the name of the merciful god and with his aid, declare this to be our constitution, the document of the 25th of january revolution, which was started by our youth, embraced by our people, supported by our armed forces. Egypt s new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and ignores the rights of women 30 november 2012, 00. It replaced the 2011 provisional constitution of egypt, adopted in 2011.
But its now an islamist stronghold, and there have been heavy clashes between supporters and opponents of president morsi. Egyptians vote on hotly contested shariabased constitution. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. Media in category egyptian constitution of 2012 the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. Key elements of egypt s constitution are at odds with international legal obligations and. Although several articles include a stronger emphasis on islam than the 1971 constitution, the document is largely secular.
Draft dated 30 november 2012 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt unofficial translation prepared by international idea. Egypt s two constitutions are particularly compelling for the study of gender politics in transitional constitutionalism because while the number of women participating in the constitution writing process was very similar, the gendered outcomes were starkly different. If a student of constitutional texts sat down to read the draft egyptian constitution from beginning to end, he or she would find much of it familiar the language, structure, and institutions would seem to bear resemblances to constitutions in many other countries, even if the particular choices made or terms used were products of domestic political debates. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypt s independence. A constitutional referendum was held in egypt in two rounds on 15 and 22 december 2012.
If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page. The egyptian judiciary shall carry out its mission in defending the constitution, upholding justice and protecting rights and freedoms. Debate over the 2012 egyptian constitution in custodia legis. Under article 226 of the constitution, amending provisions related to the reelection of the president is prohibited unless such amendments provide more guarantees. The undp report in 20 stressed that propoor policies and investment in. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt sis. New york the final draft of a constitution approved on november 29, 2012, by egypt s 100member constituent assembly protects some rights but undermines others. Topics included protests about egyptian president morsi, egypt. Constitution of egypt wikisource, the free online library. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%.
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